A Different History Analysis Essay

In the poem â€Å"A Different History† by Sujata Bhatt, the poet speaks about culture identity, the importance of language, and religion. Bhatt describes the history of India during the British colonization days, from her point of view – from the side of the oppressed. Her strong diction portrays her emotions clearly. The varied structure and tone between the two stanzas of the poem highlights the differences between the cultures and emotions she feels. Bhatt creates an impression of freedom and peace when she describes her country in the first stanza. The two lines, â€Å"Here, the gods roam freely,† â€Å"Every tree is sacred† describe the Indian culture. They represent the â€Å"old India†, before the British had conquered it. However, in the next line, the mood of the poem differs. The poet emphasizes how wrong it is to disrespect books (nature) with the repetition of the words â€Å"a sin†. It portrays a different side to the Indian culture – one with customs and rules that must be followed. Bhatt addresses her own culture, (ll. 9-14) as it could symbolize the importance of maintaining the firm and religious beliefs of the Indian culture. See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay Towards the end of the first stanza, the poem’s tone changes into one that is very pleading. There is a distinct change from a very calm tone to an interrogative one. â€Å"You must learn how to turn the pages gently / without disturbing Sarasvati, / without offending the tree / from whose wood the paper was made.† She seems as though she is commanding, or rather begging the oppressors to tread lightly, to adjust slowly to her culture, and to learn how to be gentle with it. This is the difference between the previous lines – at first she was addressing her culture, but in these lines she is referring to the British. She uses the terms â€Å"books†, â€Å"paper†, and â€Å"wood† to refer to her culture. The â€Å"tree† represents her ancestors, and â€Å"the paper† represents the future generation. These comparisons have a strong effect; they make the reader think about the way he or she is treating nature. In the second stanza, Bhatt indents to highlight the difference between the two things she’s talking about. The first stanza talks about how precious books are and how they should be respected. It gives us an insight to India’s old culture. On the other hand, in the beginning of the next stanza, she speaks about language and the â€Å"new  India†. Bhatt begins the second stanza with rhetorical questions. â€Å"Which language / has not been the oppressor’s tongue? / Which language / truly meant to murder someone?† The poet is trying to point out that many languages become the language of a country because they were once the language of the people that conquered them. She is referring to the loss of her native language. It adds a tinge of humor and mockery, since she is already speaking in English. The poem ends with an ironic statement. â€Å"the unborn grandchildren / grow to love that strange language.† Bhatt refers to herself as the â€Å"unborn grandchildren†. After expressing her feelings of anger about the murder of her language, she still writes in English – she still grew to love the English language. Bhatt clearly expresses what she feels about her culture. She shows that even though her culture is being destroyed and left behind because of foreign conquerors, she still remembers her motherland and the roots that link her to it. Through the different structured sections, she was able to show the readers the difference in culture and feelings she has.

The Fall Of Rome

The Book is written by Bryan Ward-Perkins, with the title The Fall Of Rome: And the End of Civilization and printed by Oxford University Pres in 2005. John Bryan Ward-Perkins was born in 1912 in UK. He was a British historian and archeologist and director of British School at Rome. During WWII he served in military, during which he gained the knowledge of Tripolitania and Roman ruins which led him to take interest in history.In 1946 he accepted the position of Director at British school at Rome and stayed on this position till 1974. â€Å"The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization†, addresses the general perception of modern historians about the benign change from Roman Empire to Christianity. The author corrects this thinking through archaeological evidence. He mentions that it was the coming of German tribes and their long term effects that led to the dissolution of Roman Empire.The main argument which I find different from the normal text books is the telling of story of fall of empire from the other side. For example, he mentions that the transition of Roman Empire was neither nor peaceful; instead it was Germanic tribes (Vandals, Visigoth) etc who crossed the river Rhine in 5th BC and took whatever they wanted by force rather than through treaties or negotiations. He argues that one of the main reasons for collapse of Roman Empire was decline of Roman economy through many centuries.He provides a reality check to modern readers shocking them with the truth about a Rome that was caught in economic collapse, rebellions from barbarians and rise of new orthodoxy; all of which became the reasons Rome collapse. The book provides interesting insight into the fall of Roman Empire from a different view compared to popular thinking in schools and text books. I believe this book is essential for any history student to look at a great event of history from a different perspective. Reference: Bryan Ward-Perkins,The Fall Of Rome: And the End of Civilization. Oxf ord University Pres,2005.

How did the Civil war affect government in the United States Essay

How did the Civil war affect government in the United States - Essay Example The American Civil War affected the government of the United States in both positive and negative ways. The positive effect was the fleeing of slaves meaning there was no more slavery, no segregation of people that was done by looking at skin color and every citizen is being treated equally. Additionally, because of war the economic power of America increased and defeated that of stable countries of that time. Apart from the positive effects of the American civil war, there were negative ones such as the government becoming stronger and powerful making it to be known as a government with unlimited powers, the Southern citizens were forced back to the union, and their voting rights were taken away (Taylor 18). In addition, many families were also divided and without knowledge brothers fought each other which led to the intensifying of the civil war (Taylor 2). There were improvements that were noticed in the transportation sector the Erie Canal was opened in the year 1823 due to government support. In addition, the construction of the railroad in the year 1840 was termed a credit on the government side. Second, land policy was another issue of the civil war whereby the government distributed the land equally among the people in America. Thirdly, the federal government took part in regulating and leasing rules that were to govern the banking system in the United States introduced banking systems. Fourthly, the government took part in solving tariff differences that existed between the Southerners and Northerners. The Southerners on one hand were for the idea of buying produced goods externally with no duties imposed on while the people from the west had no idea of which side to go, and this caused a lot of controversy that forced the government to interfere (Ransom). Moreover, because of the civil war the government was obliged to acquiring loans from other developed nations to meet its financial obligations. This was to be paid easily by imposing revenues

Ethical issues in packaging practices Research Paper

Ethical issues in packaging practices - Research Paper Example The ethical perception of issues related to packaging can be demarcated based on opinionated judgments of related packaging professionals, ethically interested customers along with brand managers. Moreover, the difference of opinions between consumers and business practitioners can be observed in terms of ethical sensitivity, perceived norms of industry along with apparent outcomes of practices of business. It can also be observed that business practitioners are identified to be possessing lower ethical sensitivity. On the other hand, ethically interested customers are very much concerned about the issue of packaging as compared to the business people. Furthermore, in this regard, it can be apparently viewed that ethical issues in packaging practices include label information, packaging safety, packaging graphics as well as environmental issues (Bone & Corey, 2000). Contextually, green packaging can be considered as a new breakthrough of consumer issue in order to deal with and shed more light on the modern day consumer standpoints related to the ethical issues associated with packaging. From the above evidences, it is quite evident that packaging in the sustainable manner has been preferred by customers in the global market context. Green packaging has been the standout facet which is based on rendering environmental friendly offerings for consumers in order to decrease unwanted substances and other significant aspects. Packaging is also considered as the lowest expensive form of advertisement. Thus, this invaluable source of inexpensive communication media needs to be carefully handled by concerned marketers keeping in consideration the ethical aspects associated with the use of this imperative facet (Shimp, 2010). With these considerations, the paper aims to explain the ethical stand on one of the major environmental concerning issues i.e. packaging. Prevalent Packaging Practices and Ethical Concerns The practices which are related to packaging both directly and indirectly can be observed on the basis of quality and quantity of the product. It can be stated that the size of packaging along with the contents are employed to create awareness about the varied product related information. The offered quality and substance of the product are generally demarcated on the packaging. However, at times, it is evidently observed that design for packaging depicts information for misleading consumers towards purchasing that product. Therein lays the emergence of ethical issues which can severely dent the prevailing trust of the consumers in the long run. Another implication related to packaging practices can be identified as producer at times imitates packaging patterns for misleading about actual product quality as well as at times pricing is indicated wrongly or eliminated from packaging (European Parliament, 2012). In the modern day context, packaging issues can be considered to be significant in terms of creating environmental concerns. As a re sult of which, most of the organizations are emphasizing on using lesser amount of packaging in order to keep the environment free from waste and pollution. Modern day marketers have been compelled to focus on the materials used for packaging which are reusable and renewable and are produced from proper utilization of natural resources. It can also be mentioned that packaging accounts for nearly half of the carbon

Corporate Finances Case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Finances Case study - Research Paper Example In this case, the business has to take some precautionary measures to cushion the business form such financial meltdown. In a business, it does not matter the amount of profit your company is making in a day, a month or quarterly, the most important thing to ensure is the continuity of the cash flow of the business. In this case a cash flow forecast is important and an integral part of any business successes. Without doing the forecast, one is destined to have problems in paying suppliers as well as meeting the basic business financial obligation and this will results into failure of the business to operate (Ross, & Westerfield, 1996). In this regard based on the information of the cash flow of the business, there are several options open for the business to evade the financial crisis. There are several ways of mitigating on a looming cash flow crisis; these are considered depending on the analysis of the business performance and cash flow. In the case of Manson the following are considered; The mainstream sources of cash flow are the revenues collected from sales of the business products. Mason Corporation must then ensure that they constantly meet the projection of the sales to ensure collection of sufficient cash (Ross, & Westerfield, 1996). Money borrowed to make up for a looming financial problems associated with poor cash flow are not always the best option. The business should ensure that the sales targets are met and that there is no viable market that is left unattended to. For instance, if a business has the potential of making sales of up to $ 2 million and manages only $1million, this will imply that the business will be short of the $ 1 million untapped. This always makes businesses to opt for other sources of income to meet their financial obligation, which are paid at extra cost. Mason should thus endeavor to rationalized its credit policy and significant reduce the debtors. Mason

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business strategy - Essay Example According to Kaplan and Norton (2001), it is important for new business to actually make new and effective business strategies that both tackle internal and external environments, which includes the prevailing business environments. In this case, whenever formulating new strategies, especially in the corporate sector, it is important to look at several key indicators such as inflation, the position of competitors, the rate if employment and unemployment, the willingness of consumers to spend, as well as the overall rate of economic growth in the country (Kaplan & Norton, 2001). In this case, such factors will surely help business formulate their specific strategies, whether to focus on offering new products that would fit current consumer spending trends, or on building a more competitive and productive labor force, or even looking at potential competitive advantage over other competitors. However, looking into the external general business environment would not be enough, given that it is also important for a business organization to look into internal factors, such as the productivity of the current labor force, efficiency rates, and even the SWOT analysis.

Learning and Teaching Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning and Teaching Assessment - Essay Example As the author of this assignment, I am a nurse in one of the busy surgical wards in Singapore, where at times students are posted for their placements. The Gibbs Model of Reflection (1988) This model mainly takes place in six stages. These are the first stage that comprises description stage that makes it necessary to identify and describe the events, the second stage that is made up of the feelings and thoughts from where the feelings and opinions of both the mentor and the student are recognized. The third stage is that of evaluation where a description about what is good and bad in relation to the event is necessarily provided. In the fourth stage, which involves analysis examines the event and the expansion of knowledge that encourages the student to see and make sense out of the situation. The fifth stage is made up of the conclusion where the new knowledge acquired as well as any other step that should be taken are recognized. The sixth and final stage involves the action plan through which the acquired new knowledge is related to a forthcoming experience. Stage 1: Description As the mentor, I conducted a mid placement interview assessment on Catherine who seemed to fail in the achievement of some of her learning outcomes as a 2nd year student. As I found out, Catherine experiences some difficulty in communication with her staff mates and patents as well. She is not well conversant with the English language and thus finds it difficult to communicate some of the terminologies with the patients and her colleagues. With this, she usually finds it very difficult to make herself understood. Despite these, she also exhibited some extremely positive sides in that she was very professional, courteous and hardworking... This essay approves that if a student is to pass a placement, the mentor should ensure that they are confident about patients being in safe hands in the future. This is if the students proceeds with the routine and qualifies to be a nurse. It is also vital that mentors are not afraid to fail students. They should additionally realize that failing students are identified so as to prepare for greater achievements within the clinical practice. This report makes a conclusion that mentoring is a significant complex and challenging task. However, to make the task much easier the mentor should apply some of the available models. In this case, chose to use the Gibbs model as the reflective framework due to its efficient outline in helping to handle the problem at hand. This is applicable in the initial, mid and final processes of the mentoring and assessment process. The chances of availability of learning difficulties in a student should be identified early enough to give the student a chance to develop an action plan that helps them to achieve their learning outcomes. With it, both the mentor and student in this case were able to realize that learning is a proactive process. In addition, it also requires a conducive clinical environment in which the student works. Moreover, feedback, which should be constructive and continuous, should be importantly provided. It is because students find it extremely useful in understanding an y of the concerns that a mentor may possess.

Critical thinking Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking - Case Study Example But this is it? Absolutely not. The industry has influenced many criminals to be what they are today (Helfgott). Also, the industry plays an important part blending negativity into our society (Canter). Giving success to absolutely ‘wrong’ people is what this industry is doing since very long. The conclusion is practically the same as the principle purpose of the story. The journalist says that the business is in the hands of wrong persons. Whats more if the same proceeds, the individuals who are affected by this will have a dull future. Even though this article was written over seventy-five years ago about the fledging movie industry, it seems that the arguments both in support of and opposed to the industry are similar to those being raised today. Just what are these arguments for and against regulating the movie industry? Are there any fallacies in the reasoning? Everything has its great or terrible focuses. When we discuss motion picture industry, a ton is occurring there, on and off. The entry, however an old one, depicts the current business and additionally very little is changed from that point forward in the event that we discuss the business itself. The business, however ought to see that a significant part of the crowd are grown-ups, as well as developing adolescents and kids too. Depicting a dull side of any viewpoint will make a negative effect on them (Myers). Corrupt situations could be made. It is the states obligation to control what ought to be made to seen and what ought to be edited. The state ought to likewise understand that if this industry is controlled and balanced out, it could make marvels, create neighborly and constructive vibes around the individuals who watch them. At the same time if this is not the situation, it could be our most exceedingly terrible bad dream. I agree to what is said here by the writer. He convinced me thoroughly when he highlighted both the negative and positive

American government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American government - Essay Example Their laborious journey to California in search of employment and survival of the family members is seen in the film. In reality, the family did not succeed in their journey, and they eventually disintegrated. However, the movie has a successful conclusion since the family landed in a suitable place provided by the government to live. An optimistic view is given in the movie, rather than the challenges that the immigrants had at the conclusion of their voyage. The idea that even the most underprivileged Americans could have a vehicle does not augur well with many skeptics. However, the film candidly recreates the Great Depression and the socio-economic impacts that it initiated among the masses (Nugent). The predicament of the family characterizes the challenges that other families from the region faced because of the personal interests of financial institutions and insatiable individuals. Most of the progression of events and expressions used either have been omitted or have been toned up. In as much as there may be some alterations from the original story, the movie succeeds in depicting American history and historical

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Example for Free

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Olivarez-Giles, Nathan. â€Å"L. A. Ministers Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV. † Los Angeles Times. 10 Feb 2009. 10 Feb 2009. http://www. latimes. com/business/la-fi-digitaltv10-2009feb10,0,7978127. story. Summary On June 12, all television viewers of Los Angeles – the largest group of television viewers in the country – must have digital-to-anolog converters to be able to watch TV, unless they are customers of satellite or cable television. The Federal Communications Commissioner has asked church ministers of Los Angeles to convey this information to church members, adding that there is no difference between converter boxes sold for $40 and the expensive ones for . Response I found Nathan Olivarez-Giles’ article â€Å"L. A. Ministers Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV† enjoyable to read because it is humorous. The author refers to the Federal Communication Commission asking â€Å"for divine assistance† with digital-to-analog television conversion. But, the fact that the Commission has chosen churches as its medium of communication with the public is based on practical reason. Churches are responsible for leading groups of people. Then again, if churches are expected by federal regulators to convey this kind of information to the public, they may be asked in future to act as television news channels to boot. All kinds of news may be conveyed through the church. In that case, there would be no difference left between the church and local media. It is for this reason that the author has written a humorous article about the news. He mentions spreading â€Å"the word† with the awareness that churches were initially established to spread the word of God. Because it is illogical for federal regulators to expect the church to spread all kinds of information to its members, in order for this news not to sound as funny as it does – it would be best for federal regulators to spread the word about converter boxes through local media, that is, newspapers, television channels and radio. Churches have their own responsibilities that should not be made a mockery of. Therefore, I completely disagree with the Commissioner’s request.

The Distribution Channels Of Movies Media Essay

The Distribution Channels Of Movies Media Essay The  distribution of a  movie is the process through which a  movie  is made available to watch for an  audience  by a  film distributor. The current entertainment market is plagued by the abundance of product, platform and technology. In order to gain a footing in the new world of cinema, it is necessary to have an understanding of each of these elements. World trends indicate that younger generations are consuming digital content at an unprecedented rate. New technology is changing the way people consume media. With on demand technologies offering an unprecedented level of consumer control over content and viewing platform, traditional media advertising and marketing campaigns can no longer reach the masses. Movies have to be distributed through a scattershot approach to reach the consumers through different medium. The motive behind doing this project was to understand the end to end distribution system of movies. There are a lot of channel partners as well as stakeholders involved in the distribution of movies from the producers to the end viewers. We have discussed the different distribution methods which include On Demand, Internet Distribution, Home Entertainment and Theatres. Secondary Research has been done on how there has been a rise in overseas distribution as well as internet distribution of movies. We have discussed the pros and cons of different kinds of distribution methods and also how physical distribution is losing out to the others due to certain factors. Piracy in movies has been a major deterrent in recent years and a lot of preventive steps have been taken by the theatre owners as well as the government to prevent them as it cuts down the overall revenue that a movie generates. With the advent of digital distribution, a lot of new channels have come across such as home video, internet and mobile thereby opening new sources of revenue for the film industry. We have discussed how these new channels can be leveraged upon by the movies industry. INTRODUCTION The  distribution of a  movie is the process through which a  movie  is made available to watch for an  audience  by a  film distributor. Although distribution is one of the end points in the value chain of the film business, it is of utmost importance because goofing up at this stage means that the film, however well made, will be a flop at the Box Office. A number of different distribution methods have come up which include the following: On Demand: Here in the consumer is able to access the particular media they are interested in and purchase it or rent it at the time and device of their own choice. On demand platforms include Television and Set up Boxes. Internet Distribution of Feature Films: The main types of distribution are downloading, downloading rental and streaming. In Downloading and Downloading Rentals, consumers can store the movie in their hard drive permanently or temporarily respectively. Streaming involves viewing of the movie as long as the device is switched on. Home Entertainment: DVDs and Blu ray disk are major source of revenues for film producers to recoup production, publicity and advertising cost for their feature films. Consumers can enjoy the experience of watching the movie in their home theatres. Theatres: This is the traditional method of making the movie available for the masses. Typically a distributor buys the right for a particular territory and recovers his cost through the exhibition of the movie in theatres. A new development is happening in this space with the invention of digital copies of the movies replacing the traditional reels. It brings in a lot of flexibility and convenience for transporting and reproducing movies and also maintaining the same movie quality throughout various territories. In addition, it even brings about considerable monetary and time savings. LITERATURE REVIEW title OBJECTIVES Gaining distribution is believed to be a problem for marketers of products sold in retail stores. But this issue impacts many businesses including companies selling goods in the business-to-business market and those selling services. Marketers also face problems when seeking distribution channels for their products. Yes, the products here are movies, which in some ways are really classified as services (i.e., entertainment) when shown in movie theatres and then become goods when made available for purchase (e.g., DVDs, digital download), but the problems experienced here are common to many types of marketers. Our main objective in the project is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To understand the various stake holders in the process of distributing movies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To understand the various channels in the end to end process of distribution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To understand the role of digital medium in movie distribution RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology requires gathering relevant data from the various documents, websites, film journals from whichever sources possible and compiling them in order to analyse the material and arrive at a more complete understanding of movie distribution and answer following Isssues: How Digital medium changing movie distribution. How TV is impacting movie distribution How online streaming eg. Youtube etc. are changing face of movie distribution How above points can be leveraged by movie distributors to improve their distribution http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/movie-distribution-flow.gif SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION India has about 15,000 theatres enjoying a weekly admission of about 100 million people or 5000+ million per year. Distributors are the last link in the movie chain which takes films to the people. With post production accounting for 20% of the film budget and taking 20% of the total time, any savings in this would go directly to the bottom line. Digitalization has the potential to bring in the desired savings and drive up profits substantially. Current Movie Distribution Model Piracy in Movie Industry A new report `Economic Contribution of Indian Film and Television Industry by PricewaterhouseCoopers  said the film industry was in fact significantly impacted by online piracy. In 2008, piracy cost the Indian film industry $959 million and about 571,000 jobs. KPMG has also placed the film piracy rate at 60%. Report 1 Analyses the digital distribution of films movies Digitization is helping film makers reach out to a wider audience; distribution of content across many platforms like home video, internet and mobile apart from conventional theatrical platforms leading to higher revenue generation Digitization across the distribution value chain has enabled content repurposing across platforms, making distribution of niche content feasible Distribution of revenues across the value chain has become more transparent Availability of digital prints has significantly reduced the release window for each delivery platform; Helped in reduction of the time taken to reach tier 2 and tier 3 cities through theatrical release Report 2 Report talks about Collaboration with International Studios. For e.g. In 2011, Viacom18 entered into a deal with global movie company Paramount Pictures to market and distribute Paramounts movies in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka International Collaboration helps local film production by expanding their international reach and incorporates enhanced project planning and cost controls For e.g. My Name is Khan was distributed by Fox Searchlight Pictures in unexplored markets like USA, with innovations such as taking the lead actors to ring the opening bell of NASDAQ stock exchange ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Digital distribution is enabling distribution across various platforms such as home video, internet and mobile along with the traditional theatrical platform. It helps up in opening new revenue models for the film industry. In addition to the economic benefits brought about by the digitization of films, there are logistics issues which are being simplified with the advent of this technology. CONCLUSION Through this project study, not only the various channels for distribution of movies in India have been studied but the impact of technology on the distribution methods adopted has also been gauged. It can be very well inferred that the cost of distribution has gone down and the penetration of the product (movies) has increased; the distribution has become economical and convenient without any damage to the quality. With the advent of technology, movies are now available even on the TV through channels like Video on Demand. However, piracy still looms large and the current distribution channel is yet not robust enough to curb the evil practice completely. Future scope of the project can include a quantitative analysis of the costs revenues that existed in the distribution channel before digitization and comparing the same with the costs revenues after digitization came into existence. Also, the channel of film festivals, where the potential blockbusters are released, has remained unexplored in this study.

Aristotles Legacy in the Federalist Papers -- Federalist Papers Essay

Aristotle's Legacy in the Federalist Papers While the government of the United States owes its existence to the contents and careful thought behind the Constitution, some attention must be given to the contributions of a series of essays called the Federalist Papers towards this same institution. Espousing the virtues of equal representation, these documents also promote the ideals of competent representation for the populace and were instrumental in addressing opposition to the ratification of the Constitution during the fledgling years of the United States. With further reflection, the Federalists, as these essays are called, may in turn owe their existence, in terms of their intellectual underpinnings, to the writings of the philosopher and teacher, Aristotle. In 1789, the Confederation of the United States, faced with the very real threat of dissolution, found a renewed future with the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. This document created a structure upon which the citizens could build a future free of the unwanted pitfalls and hazards of tyrannies, dictatorship, or monarchies, while securing the best possible prospects for a good life. However, before the establishment of the new United States government, there was a period of dissent over the need for a strong centralized government. Furthermore, there was some belief that the new constitution failed to provide adequate protection for small businessmen and farmers and even less clear protection for fundamental human rights. To counter these and a variety of other arguments, statesmen Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay composed a series of articles that would logically and critically address the grievances of those opposed to the... ...Federalist Papers: The House of Representatives," The New York Packet, No. 52, 1788. 6. Hamilton, Alexander and James Madison, "Federalist Papers: Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention," The New York Packet, No. 49, 1788. 7. Aristotle, The Politics, Trans. Benjamin Jowett, Book 3, Part XV. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.html 8. Hamilton, Alexander and James Madison, "Federalist Papers: Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention," The New York Packet, No. 49, 1788. 9. Hamilton, Alexander and James Madison, "Federalist Papers: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments," The New York Packet, No. 51, 1788.

Maya Angelou’s The Graduation :: Maya Angelou The Graduation

Throughout life graduation, or the advancement to the next distinct level of growth, is sometimes acknowledged with the pomp and circumstance of the grand commencement ceremony, but many times the graduation is as whisper soft and natural as taking a breath. In the moving autobiographical essay, "The Graduation," Maya Angelou effectively applies three rhetorical strategies - an expressive voice, illustrative comparison and contrast, and flowing sentences bursting with vivid simile and delightful imagery - to examine the personal growth of humans caught in the adversity of racial discrimination. In an expressive voice, Ms. Angelou paints a memorable picture of a small black community anticipating graduation day fifty-five years ago. She describes the children as trembling "visibly with anticipation" and the teachers being "respectful of the now quiet and aging seniors." Although it is autobiographical, an omniscient voice in the first six paragraphs describes how "they" - the black children in Stamps - felt and acted before the omniscient voice changes to a limited omniscient narration in the seventh paragraph. Her eloquent voice skillfully builds the tension as she demonstrates bigotry destroying innocence. The same consistent, expressive voice introduces Ms. Angelou's effective strategy of comparison and contrast. By comparing what the black schools don't have, such as 'lawn, nor hedges, nor tennis courts, nor climbing ivy,' reveals not only a clear illustration of what luxuries the white schools in the forties had but also how unjust the system was. The adults at the graduation focus on the differences that were previously left unspoken. The black principal's voice fades as he describes "the friendship of kindly people to those less fortunate then themselves" and the white commencement speaker implies that" the white kids would have a chance to become Galileo's.... and our boys would try to be Jesse Owenes..." The author's emotions vary from the first proclamation that "I was the person of the moment" to the agonizing thoughts that it "was awful to be a Negro and have no control over my life" to the moment of epiphany: "we are on top again." Ms. Angelou's rhetorical strategy of comparison and contrast serves as effectively as her brilliant, flowing sentences sprinkled with colorful simile and imagery. Poetic phrases describing a voice "like a river diminishing to a stream, and then a trickle" or the audience's conditioned responses as "Amen's and Yes, sir's began to fall around the room like rain through a ragged umbrella" paint vivid images. Maya Angelou’s The Graduation :: Maya Angelou The Graduation Throughout life graduation, or the advancement to the next distinct level of growth, is sometimes acknowledged with the pomp and circumstance of the grand commencement ceremony, but many times the graduation is as whisper soft and natural as taking a breath. In the moving autobiographical essay, "The Graduation," Maya Angelou effectively applies three rhetorical strategies - an expressive voice, illustrative comparison and contrast, and flowing sentences bursting with vivid simile and delightful imagery - to examine the personal growth of humans caught in the adversity of racial discrimination. In an expressive voice, Ms. Angelou paints a memorable picture of a small black community anticipating graduation day fifty-five years ago. She describes the children as trembling "visibly with anticipation" and the teachers being "respectful of the now quiet and aging seniors." Although it is autobiographical, an omniscient voice in the first six paragraphs describes how "they" - the black children in Stamps - felt and acted before the omniscient voice changes to a limited omniscient narration in the seventh paragraph. Her eloquent voice skillfully builds the tension as she demonstrates bigotry destroying innocence. The same consistent, expressive voice introduces Ms. Angelou's effective strategy of comparison and contrast. By comparing what the black schools don't have, such as 'lawn, nor hedges, nor tennis courts, nor climbing ivy,' reveals not only a clear illustration of what luxuries the white schools in the forties had but also how unjust the system was. The adults at the graduation focus on the differences that were previously left unspoken. The black principal's voice fades as he describes "the friendship of kindly people to those less fortunate then themselves" and the white commencement speaker implies that" the white kids would have a chance to become Galileo's.... and our boys would try to be Jesse Owenes..." The author's emotions vary from the first proclamation that "I was the person of the moment" to the agonizing thoughts that it "was awful to be a Negro and have no control over my life" to the moment of epiphany: "we are on top again." Ms. Angelou's rhetorical strategy of comparison and contrast serves as effectively as her brilliant, flowing sentences sprinkled with colorful simile and imagery. Poetic phrases describing a voice "like a river diminishing to a stream, and then a trickle" or the audience's conditioned responses as "Amen's and Yes, sir's began to fall around the room like rain through a ragged umbrella" paint vivid images.

Investigate the Osmosis in Potato Rods in Various Concentrations of Sal

Investigate the Osmosis in Potato Rods in Various Concentrations of Salt Solutions Introduction: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential. It can be affected by several different variables including concentration of salt solutions. When a plant cell is put in pure water it will become turgid and it will not burst due to the presence of a cell wall and a large permanent vacuole and when it is put in a concentrated solution it will be plasmolysed, on the other hand when an animal cell is put in pure water it will burst due to the absence of the cell wall which is only present in the plant cell and if is plant cell is put in a concentrated solution it will shrink. What is the water potential? The water potential of a solution is a measure of whether it is likely to lose or gain water molecules from another solution. A dilute solution, with its high concentration of water molecules is said to have a higher water potential than a concentrated solution, because water will flow from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution (from a high water potential to a low water potential).: Pure water has the highest water potential because water molecules will flow from it to any other aqueous concentrated solution even if this solution is a highly dilute solution. Variables that affect the osmosis process in the potato rods: ÃÆ'ËÅ" Independent variables: The Difference in concentration of salt solutions: This will affect the osmosis in the plant cell as I will prepare five different concentrations of the salt solutions and they are: 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0and this is how they are prepared: - For preparing the concentration of 0.0 I used pure water. - For preparing the concentration of 0.3: I measured 3 cm3 of the salt solution by using the syringe and poured it into the test tube that is labeled 0.3, then I measured 7 cm3 of water and poured it into the same test tube. - For preparing the concentration of 0.5: I measured 5 cm3 of the salt solution and poured it into the test tube that is labeled 0.5, then I measured 5 cm3 of water and poured it into the same test tube. - For preparing the concentration of 0.7: I measured 7 cm3 of the salt solution and poured it into the test tube that is labeled 0.7, then I measured 3 cm3 of water and... ... points on the graphs were plotted as accurately as possible practically. All my results supported my prediction I made and helped me to make a strong trend in the graph. Although, I might have got few anomalous results but that is to be expected, I may be have measured any substance which I am using wrong or not accurately. I repeated the experiment two times to get the accurate average results and to ensure that I had not made any mistakes and so as not to have any anomalous results in my experiment and there wouldn't be any chance for error to occurs. My results seem reliable as I am basing my results' reliability on a hypothesis and my own prediction. I repeated the same experiments using different concentration of the salt solution or change the temperature so as to help the rate of osmosis in the potato rod. Also for more accurate results, I could extend my coursework by testing the same brand of potatoes using different substances. By this I mean using a different thing instead of salt, i.e. sugar or maybe any fruit juice. Then I could find out whether osmosis occurs differently with different things diluted in the water. I could even use different vegetables and fruits.

Virtuality vs. Reality

Your Name Eng. 111-01 Teachers Name Virtuality Vs. Reality Computers have become one of the most sought-after devices to date. One reason perhaps is the overwhelming popularity of the internet. Seems as if no one is immune to using the internet and even some restaurants offer free wi-fi for their patrons. There is virtually nothing that can't be done on the internet.Because of its popularity, everyday millions of people log on the internet either for online shopping, socializing, or researching. Going to malls and department stores may soon be a past activity for the busy person due to the popularity of shopping on the internet. People may chose shopping online because it is very convenient, cheap, and variety is offered right at a person's finger tips. First of all, the convenience of shopping online is very time saving, and it eliminates the need to drive around to several different stores searching for that perfect gift.For example, a person can shop right at home using a smartph one, a laptop, or an Ipad in the convenience of her own bed. In addition to being convenient, online shopping can be money saving. Searching for deals online can save an individual a lot of money. Besides finding deals on the internet; moreover, staying home, and purchasing online can also save tremendously on gas expenses. While saving money is a good asset of shopping online, included in shopping online is the wide selections of websites to chose from.Depending on what a person is looking there is always something unique that can be found shopping online. Since there are so many stores available right in the palm of one's hand, why would anyone want to leave home? In brief, if one makes up her mind to stay home and do online shopping, she would not only be saving time and money but can also have the world wide web of shopping readily available at her finger tips. Having considered shopping online to being popular for the busy person, it is also reasonable to look at socializing th rough the internet as a preferred way that most timid people communicate.One example of social communicating online is the constant use of Facebook. People from all walks of life, from different ages, different nationalities, and social classes sign on to Facebook everyday to keep up with the statuses of their Facebook friends, comment on their statuses, or to simply see how their friends are doing. An individual can also use Facebook to stay in contact with far away family members, to search for missing family members, to communicate with old classmates, or to play online games with their Facebook acquaintances.In addition to connecting with people on Facebook, there are several online gaming websites that cater to a more eccentric way of socializing. For instance, a game called, â€Å"World of Warcraft† is a widely played game where one can socialize with another individual through in-game chat messaging. In this online gaming world, individuals can communicate with one ano ther, help each other complete missions, and conquer the game. Online gaming is also an easier way of conversing for a person who is intimidated by meeting new people in real-life.Finally, a person can meet new people through online dating more simply than meeting them in person. Online dating would eliminate the nervousness one feels in real-life and would give way to a more relaxed person. Not only will an individual be more comfortable, but online dating would allow her to be more herself. Individuals who engage in online dating can socialize through messaging, email, the dating website, or cell phones. There are several different ways using the internet can bring people together whether it be Facebook, online gaming, or online dating.Thirdly, conducting research online is another important feature of the internet and adds to its popularity. For example, a student has a project due at school and instead of spending hours looking in a library,the student, on the other hand, can go right to a computer and find all the information he needs to complete his project. Not only can a student find research material for his school project, but can also find ideas for craft projects. Searching online can be very helpful when it comes to â€Å"do-it-yourself† projects.Mothers can go online to research craft ideas she and her child can do together as family time. Moreover, mothers can not only find â€Å"do-it-yourself† projects, but can use the internet for researching recipes. There are thousands and thousands of databases full of recipes. From easy thirty minutes meals, to crockpot cookers, and baked goods, characteristics of these recipes can be found on several different websites. For instance, if an individual wants to find a recipe for banana read, all that one would need to do is to go online and Google banana bread recipes. In conclusion, with people using the computer every day, it is no wonder that the internet has become so popular. Because an individual can shop, socialize, and research areas of interest on the computer, society has become dependent on the internet. The ultimate question is have we as a society become more comfortable with machine than to come face to face with man.

Corrugated Box Industry

CASE STUDY: EDMUNDS CORRUGATED PARTS AND SERVICES. Larry Edmunds grimaced as he tossed his company’s latest quarterly earnings onto his desk. When Virginia-based Edmunds Corrugated Parts & Service Company’s sales surged past the $10 million mark a while back, he was certain the company was well positioned for steady growth. Today, the company, which provided precision machine parts and service to the domestic corrugated box industry, still enjoys a dominant market share and is showing profit, although not quite the profit seen in years past.However, it is no longer possible to ignore the fact that revenues were beginning to show clear signs of stagnation. More than two decades ago, Larry’s grandfather loaned him the money to start the business and then handed over the barn on what has been the family’s Shenandoah Valley farm to serve as his first factory. Today, he operates from a 50,000 square-foot factory located near I-81 just a few miles from that old barn. The business allowed him to realize what had once seemed an almost impossible goal: He was making a good living without having to leave his close-knit extended family and rural roots.He also felt a sense of satisfaction at employing about 100 people, many of them neighbors. They were among the most hard-working, loyal workers you’d find anywhere. However, many of his original employees were now nearing retirement. Replacing those skilled workers was going to be difficult, he realized from experience. The area’s brightest and best young people were much more likely to move away in search of employment than their parents had been. Those who remained behind just didn’t seem to have the work ethic Larry had come to expect in his employees.He didn’t feel pressured by the emergence of any new direct competitors. After slipping slightly a couple years ago, Edmunds’s formidable market share – based on its reputation for reliability and excepti onal, personalized service – was holding steady at 75 percent. He did feel plagued, however, by higher raw material costs resulting from the steep increase in steel prices. But the main source of concern stemmed from changes in the box industry itself. The industry had never been particularly recession resistant, with demand fluctuating with manufacturing output.Now alternative shipping products were beginning to make their appearance, mostly flexible plastic films and reusable plastic containers. It remained to be seen how much of a dent they’d make in the demand for boxes. More worrying, consolidation in the paper industry had wiped out hundreds of the U. S. plants that Edmunds once served, with many of the survivors either opening overseas facilities or entering into joint ventures abroad. The surviving manufacturers were investing in higher quality machines that broke down less frequently, thus requiring fewer of Edmund’s parts.Still, he had to admit that al though the highly fragmented U. S. corrugated box industry certainly qualified as a mature one, no one seriously expected U. S. manufacturers to be dislodged from their position as major producers for both the domestic and export markets. Edmunds was clearly at a crossroads. If Larry wanted that steady growth he’d assumed he could count on not so long ago, he suspect that business as usual wasn’t going to work. But if he wanted the company to grow, what was the best way to achieve that goal?All he knew for sure was that once he decided where to take the company from here, he would sleep better. QUESTIONS 1. What would the SWOT analysis look like for this company? 2. What role do you expect the Internet to play in the corrugated box industry? What are some ways that Edmunds could better use the Internet to foster growth? 3. Which of Porter’s competitive strategies would you recommend that Edmunds follow? Which of the strategies do you think would be least likely to succeed?

Hard to Be Fair

BEST PRACTICE Everyone knows that being fair costs little and pays off handsomely. Then why do so few executives manage to behave fairly, even though most want to? Why It’s So Hard to Be Fair by Joel Brockner W hen Company A had to downsize,it spent considerable amounts of money providing a safety net for its laid-off workers. The severance package consisted of many weeks of pay, extensive outplacement counseling, and the continuation of health insurance for up to one year. But senior managers never explained to their staff why these layoffs were necessary or how they chose which jobs to eliminate.What’s more, the midlevel line managers who delivered the news to terminated employees did so awkwardly, mumbling a few perfunctory words about â€Å"not wanting to do this† and then handing them off to the human resources department. Even the people who kept their jobs were less than thrilled about the way things were handled. Many of them heard the news while driving home on Friday and had to wait until Monday to learn that their jobs were secure. Nine months later, the company continued to sputter.Not only did it have to absorb enormous legal costs defending against wrongful termination suits, but it also had to make another round of layoffs, in large part because employee productivity and morale plummeted after the ? rst round was mishandled. When Company B downsized, by contrast, it didn’t offer nearly as generous a severance package. But senior managers there explained the strategic purpose of the layoffs multiple times before they were implemented, and executives and middle managers alike made themselves available to answer questions and express regret both to those who lost their jobs and to those who remained.Line managers worked with HR to tell people that their jobs were being eliminated, and they exharvard business review 122 pressed genuine concern while doing so. As a result, virtually none of the laid-off employees ? led a wr ongful termination lawsuit. Workers took some time to adjust to the loss of their former colleagues, but they understood why the layoffs had happened. And within nine months, Company B’s performance was better than it had been before the layoffs occurred.Although Company A spent much more money during its restructuring, Company B exhibited much greater process fairness. In other words, employees at Company B believed that they had been treated justly. From minimizing costs to strengthening performance, process fairness pays enormous dividends in a wide variety of organizational and people-related challenges. Studies show that when managers practice process fairness, their employees march 2006 respond in ways that bolster the organization’s bottom line both directly and indirectly.Process fairness is more likely to generate support for a new strategy, for instance, and to foster a culture that promotes innovation. What’s more, it costs little ? nancially to imple ment. In short, fair process makes great business sense. So why don’t more companies practice it consistently? This article examines that paradox and offers advice on how to promote greater process fairness in your organization. The Business Case for Fair Process Ultimately, each employee decides for him or herself whether a decision has been made fairly.But broadly speaking, there are three drivers of process fairness. One is how much input employees believe they have in the decision- making process: Are their opinions requested and given serious consideration? Another is how employees believe decisions are made and implemented: Are they consistent? Are they based on accurate information? Can mistakes be corrected? Are the personal biases of the decision maker minimized? Is ample advance notice given? Is the decision process transparent? The third factor is how managers behave: Do they explain why a decision was made?Do they treat employees respectfully, actively listening t o their concerns and empathizing with their points of view? It’s worth noting that process fairness is distinct from outcome fairness, which refers to employees’ judgments of the bottom-line results of their exchanges with their employers. Process fairness doesn’t ensure that employees will always get what they want; but it does 123 OLEG DERGACHOV B E S T P R A C T I C E †¢ W h y I t’s S o H a rd t o B e Fa i r mean that they will have a chance to be heard.Take the case of an individual who was passed over for a promotion. If he believes that the chosen candidate was quali? ed, and if his manager has had a candid discussion with him about how he can be better prepared for the next opportunity, chances are he’ll be a lot more productive and engaged than if he believes the person who got the job was the boss’s pet, or if he received no guidance on how to move forward. When people feel hurt by their companies, they tend to retaliate. And w hen they do, it can have grave consequences.A study of nearly 1,000 people in the mid-1990s, led by Duke’s Allan Lind and Ohio State’s Jerald Greenberg, found that a major determinant of whether employees sue for wrongful termination is their perception of how fairly the termination process was carried out. Only 1% of ex-employees who felt that they were treated with a high degree of process fairness ? led a wrongful termination lawsuit versus 17% of those who believed they were treated with a low degree of process fairness. To put that in monetary terms, the expected cost savings of practicing process fairness is $1. 8 million for every 100 employees dismissed. That ? gure–which was calculated using the 1988 rate of $80,000 as the cost of legal defense – is a conservative estimate, since in? ation alone has caused legal fees to swell to more than $120,000 today. So, although we can’t calculate the precise ? nancial cost of practicing fair process, it’s safe to say that expressing genuine concern and treating dismissed employees with dignity is a good deal more affordable than not doing so. Customers, too, are less likely to ? le suit against a service provider if they believe they’ve been treated with process fairness.In 1997, medical researcher Wendy Levinson and her colleagues found that patients typically do not sue their doctors for malpractice simply Joel Brockner ([email  protected] edu) is the Phillip Hettleman Professor of Business at Columbia Business School in New York. 124 because they believe that they received poor medical care. A more telling factor is whether the doctor took the time to explain the treatment plan and to answer the patient’s questions with consideration – in short, to treat patients with process fairness.Doctors who fail to do so are far more likely to be slapped with malpractice suits when problems arise. In addition to reducing legal costs, fair process cuts down on employee theft and turnover. A study by management and human resources professor Greenberg examined how pay cuts were Using process fairness, companies could spend a lot less money and still have more satis? ed employees. handled at two manufacturing plants. At one, a vice president called a meeting at the end of the workweek and announced that the company would implement a 15% pay cut, across the board, for ten weeks.He very brie? y explained why, thanked employees, and answered a few questions – the whole thing was over in 15 minutes. The other plant implemented an identical pay cut, but the company president made the announcement to the employees. He told them that other cost-saving options, like layoffs, had been considered but that the pay cuts seemed to be the least unpalatable choice. The president took an hour and a half to address employees’ questions and concerns, and he repeatedly expressed regret about having to take this step.Greenberg found that durin g the ten-week period, employee theft was nearly 80% lower at the second plant than at the ? rst, and employees were 15 times less likely to resign. Many executives turn to money ? rst to solve problems. But my research shows that companies can reduce ex- penses by routinely practicing process fairness. Think about it: Asking employees for their opinions on a new initiative or explaining to someone why you’re giving a choice assignment to her colleague doesn’t cost much money. Of course, companies should continue to offer tangible assistance to employees as well.Using process fairness, however, companies could spend a lot less money and still have more satis? ed employees. Consider the ? nancial fallout that occurs when expatriates leave their overseas assignments prematurely. Conventional wisdom says that expats are more likely to leave early when they or their family members don’t adjust well to their new living conditions. So companies often go to great expen se to facilitate their adjustment – picking up the tab for housing costs, children’s schooling, and the like.In a 2000 study of 128 expatriates, human resources consultant Ron Garonzik, Rutgers Business School professor Phyllis Siegel, and I found that the expats’ adjustment to various aspects of their lives outside work had no effect on their intentions to depart prematurely if they believed that their bosses generally treated them fairly. In other words, high process fairness induced expats to stick with an overseas assignment even when they were not particularly enthralled with living abroad. In a similar vein, some companies have devised expensive solutions to help employees cope with the stress of modern work.They’ve set up on-site day care centers and sponsored stress management workshops to help reduce absenteeism and burnout. Those efforts are laudable, but process fairness is also an effective strategy. When Phyllis Siegel and I surveyed nearly 3 00 employees from dozens of organizations, we found that work/life con? ict had no measurable effect on employees’ commitment– as long as they felt that senior executives provided good reasons for their decisions and treated them with dignity and respect. Of course, executives should not simply emphasize process fairness over tanharvard business reviewW h y I t’s S o H a rd t o B e Fa i r †¢ B E S T P R A C T I C E gible support. Determining exactly how much tangible support to provide is perhaps best captured by the law of diminishing returns. Beyond a moderate level of ? nancial assistance, practicing process fairness proves much more cost effective because, although money does talk, it doesn’t say it all. Fair Process as a Performance Booster Process fairness can not only minimize costs but can also help to increase value, inspiring operational managers to carry out a well-founded strategic plan eagerly or embrace, rather than sabotage, an organiz ational change.This form of value is less tangible than direct reduction of expenses, but it affects the bottom line nonetheless. The fact is, most strategic and organizational change initiatives fail in their implementation, not in their conception. Several years ago, I worked with the CEO of a ? nancial services institution that needed a major restructuring. The bank’s operational managers, however, were showing signs of resistance that threatened to stop the process dead in its tracks. I advised the CEO and his senior management team to conduct several town hall–type meetings and to hold informal focus groups with the operational managers.During those senior managers to respond to the root problem. Moreover, since the operational managers felt respected, they showed a similar level of process fairness with their direct reports during the actual restructuring, making the change go more smoothly. Michael Beer, of Harvard Business School, and Russell Eisenstat, preside nt of the Center for Organizational Fitness, recently provided evidence of how systematically practiced process fairness (embedded in an action-learning egy implementation as well as the shortcomings that could hinder it.Task force members distill the information they gain from these interviews into major themes and feed them back to senior management. Then they discuss how the strategy could be rolled out most effectively. SFP is a model for process fairness: More than 25 companies – including Becton, Dickinson; Honeywell; JPMorgan Chase; Hewlett-Packard; and Merck – have used it with great success to hone the substance of their strategic initiatives and, probably more important, to gain employees’ commitment to making those initiatives happen.Most companies say that they want to promote creativity and innovation, but few use process fairness to achieve those ends. They’re missing out on a great opportunity to create value. Harvard Business School profes sor Teresa Amabile has conducted extensive research on employees working in creative endeavors in order to understand how work environments foster or impede creativity and innovation. She has consistently found that work environments in which employees have a high degree of operational autonomy lead to the highest degree of creativity and innovation.Operational autonomy, of course, can be seen as the extreme version of process fairness. When employees feel that they are heard in the decision-making process, they are more likely to support–rather than merely comply with– those decisions, their bosses, and the organization as a whole. talks, it became clear that the managers felt that the CEO and senior executives failed to appreciate the magnitude of the change they were asking for. Interestingly, the managers didn’t request additional resources; they simply wanted those at the top to recognize their dif? ult plight. By expressing authentic interest, senior execu tives created a trusting environment in which managers felt they could safely voice their true objections to the change effort. That enabled march 2006 methodology known as the strategic ? tness process, or SFP) has helped numerous organizations capture value by getting employees to buy in to strategies. A critical element of SFP is the appointment of a task force consisting of eight well-respected managers from one or two levels below senior management.Their job is to interview roughly 100 employees from different parts of the company to learn about the organizational strengths that are apt to facilitate strat- The nature of organizations, though, means that few (if any) employees can have complete operational autonomy – just about everyone has a boss. Creativity and innovation tend to suffer in work environments characterized by low levels of process fairness, such as when employees believe that the organization is strictly controlled by upper management or when they believ e that their ideas will be summarily dismissed. When employees believe that 125B E S T P R A C T I C E †¢ W h y I t’s S o H a rd t o B e Fa i r their supervisor is open to new ideas and that he or she values their contributions to projects, however, creativity and innovation are more likely to ? ourish. Two examples illustrate how process fairness creates value by attracting innovative employees or additional customers. The CEO of a renowned electricalengineering ? rm, for instance, wanted to change the corporate culture to be more receptive to new ideas, so he separated a large group of workers into teams of ten, asking each team to come up with ten ideas for improving the business.Then the team leaders were brought into a room where the company’s executives were gathered and were asked to â€Å"sell† as many of their team’s ideas as possible. The executives, for their part, had been instructed to â€Å"buy†as many ideas as possible. The team leaders swarmed like bees to honey to the few executives who had reputations for being good listeners and open to new ideas. The other executives stood by idly because team leaders assumed from past experience that they wouldn’t listen. One company that used process fairness to create value is Progressive Casualty Insurance.In 1994, the ? rm began to give potential customers comparison rates from two competitors along with its own quotes for auto insurance. Even though Progressive’s rates weren’t always the lowest, the very act of delivering this information created goodwill. Potential customers felt that they were being treated honestly, and the practice drew many new sales. servant, Winston S. Churchill. † After being castigated by his countrymen for the letter’s deferential tone, Churchill is said to have retorted, â€Å"When you have to kill a man, it costs nothing to be polite. In a change management seminar I’ve taught to more than 40 0 managers, I ask participants to rate themselves on how well they plan and implement organizational change. I also ask the managers’ bosses, peers, direct reports, and customers to rate them. The measure ers were â€Å"lucky enough to still have their jobs. † But economically supporting those who lost their jobs doesn’t cancel out the need to show process fairness to those affected by the change–which, incidentally, includes everyone.Ironically, the fact that process fairness is relatively inexpensive ? nancially may be why this numbers-oriented executive undervalued it. Another reason process fairness may be overlooked is because some of its bene? ts aren’t obvious to executives. Instead of wrestling with uncomfortable emotions, many managers ? nd it easier to sidestep the issue– and the people affected by it–altogether. contains more than 30 items, and managers consistently give themselves the highest marks on the item that measure s process fairness: â€Å"When managing change, I ake extra efforts to treat people with dignity and respect. † Those rating them, however, are not nearly as positive. In fact, this is the only item in which managers’ self-assessments are signi? cantly higher than the ratings they receive from each of their groups. It’s not entirely clear why this perceptual gap exists. Perhaps managers are tuned in to their intentions to treat others respectfully, but they aren’t as good at reading how those intentions come across to others. Or maybe it’s just wishful – and self-serving – thinking.Some managers wrongly believe that tangible resources are always more meaningful to employees than being treated decently. At a cocktail party, the CEO of a major international bank proudly told me about the hefty severance pay his company gave to its laid-off employees. I expressed admiration for his organization’s show of concern toward the people who lost their jobs and then asked what had been done for those who remained. Somewhat defensively, he said that it was only necessary to do something for the employees who were â€Å"affected† by the layoffs.The othSocial psychologist Marko Elovainio of the University of Helsinki and his colleagues recently conducted a study of more than 31,000 Finnish employees, examining the relationship between employees’ negative life events (such as the onset of a severe illness or death of a spouse) and the frequency of sicknessrelated absences from work for the subsequent 30 months. The study showed that the tendency for negative life events to translate into sickness-related absences depended on how much process fairness employees experienced before the events occurred.That is, not being pretreated with process fairness led to absences waiting to happen. Sometimes corporate policies hinder fair process. The legal department may discourage managers from explaining their decisio ns, for instance, on the grounds that disclosure of information could make the company vulnerable to lawsuits. Better not to say anything at all, the thinking goes, than to risk having the information come back to haunt the organization in the courtroom. Clearly, legal considerations about what to communicate are important, but they should not be taken to unnecessary extremes.All too often organizations withhold information (such as the alternatives to downsizing that have harvard business review Why Isn’t Everybody Doing It? With all that process fairness has going for it, one might expect that executives would practice it regularly. Unfortunately, many (if not most) don’t. They’d do well to follow the example of Winston Churchill, who keenly understood the cost-effectiveness of process fairness. On the day after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Churchill wrote a declaration of war to the Japanese, ending it as follows: â€Å"I have the honour to be, with high con sideration, Sir, Your obedient 126W h y I t’s S o H a rd t o B e Fa i r †¢ B E S T P R A C T I C E been considered) when revealing it would have done far more good. Legal and medical advocates in Hawaii, for instance, are currently drafting a statute that would allow health care professionals to apologize for medical errors without increasing the risk of lawsuits. Doctors often refrain from apologizing for mistakes because they fear that admitting them will anger their patients, who will then be more likely to ? le malpractice suits. In fact, the opposite is true: Patients who feel they’ve been treated disrespectfully ? e more malpractice suits than those who feel they have been treated with dignity. By making apologies for medical mistakes inadmissible during a trial, the law would let doctors express regrets without worrying that doing so would hurt them in court. Managers who unwaveringly believe that knowledge is power may fear that engaging in process fairnes s will weaken their power. After all, if employees have a voice in deciding how things should be run, who needs a manager? Managers sometimes do run the risk of losing power when they involve others in decision making.But usually the practice of process fairness increases power and in? uence. When employees feel that they are heard in the decision-making process, they are more likely to support– rather than merely comply with – those decisions, their bosses, and the organization as a whole. The desire to avoid uncomfortable situations is another reason managers fail to practice process fairness. As Robert Folger of the University of Central Florida has suggested, managers who plan and implement tough decisions often experience con? icting emotions. They might want to approach the affected parties out of sympathy and to explain the hinking behind a decision, but the desire to avoid them is also strong. Andy Molinsky at Brandeis University and Harvard Business Schoolâ₠¬â„¢s Joshua Margolis analyzed why managers ? nd it so hard to perform necessary evils (such as laying off employees and delivering other bad news) with interpersonal sensitivity, which is an important element of process fairness. Leaders in this situation have to manage their own internal dramas, including feelings of guilt (for, say, making poor strategic decisions that led to the downsizing) and anxiety (about having suf? ient interpersonal sensitivity to accomplish the task gracefully). Instead of wrestling with those uncomfortable emotions, many managers ? nd it easier to sidestep the issue–and the people affected by it– altogether. â€Å"Emotional contagion† also comes into play in these situations. Just as we tend to laugh when we see others laugh, even when we don’t know why, we also involuntarily feel anxious or sad when those around us feel that way – and that’s uncomfortable. No wonder so many managers avoid people in emotional pa in. Unfortunately, such avoidance makes it very unlikely that they will practice process fairness.Breadth. Depth. Performance. Leadership. Tuck Executive Program July 22–August 11 Leading high-potential and senior executives to new levels of business performance Gateway to Business Management April 30–May 5 & November 12-17 Delivering skills and perspective functional managers need for advancement Finance Essentials for Senior Managers September 10–15 Offering greater accountability and transparency in your organization New Branding Imperatives May 7–9 Presenting strategies for maximizing brand equity and competitive positioning www. tuck. dartmouth. edu/exec 603-646-2839 tuck. xec. [email  protected] edu B E S T P R A C T I C E †¢ W h y I t’s S o H a rd t o B e Fa i r I can understand how managers feel. Several years ago, I was working with a telecommunications organization after the ? rst layoffs in the company’s history. The CEO an d his senior management team wanted me to talk to the midlevel managers about how the layoffs would affect the people who remained and what they could do to help their direct reports â€Å"get over it. † Feeling betrayed and fearful, however, the midlevel managers were in no mood to help others return to business as usual. They identi? d me with the problem and implied that I was partly responsible for the decision to downsize. That was a moment of real insight for me: Trying to counsel this unhappy and suspicious group, I completely understood the discomfort that managers experience when they’re called on to act compassionately toward people who feel aggrieved. It was much harder than I expected. The senior managers of the company admitted to me that they were tempted to avoid the rank and ? le – partly out of guilt and partly because they doubted whether they would be able to keep a cool enough head to practice process fairness.That’s a natural response , but ignoring negative emotions only keeps them swirling around longer. When senior managers made themselves more accessible to their workforce, employees reacted positively, and the organization developed a renewed sense of purpose. ter able to cope with (and hence not act on) their negative emotions. Furthermore, managers are more likely to endure a dif? cult process when they know that the effort will have a tangible payoff. But it’s not enough for managers to be vaguely aware that process fairness is cost effective. Corporate executives should educate them about all the ? nancial bene? ts, using charts and ? ures, just as they would when making a business case for other important organizational initiatives. Invest in training. Study after study has shown that fair-process training can make a big difference. Subordinates of the trained managers, for instance, are When I was working with an executive at a utility company several years ago, for example, I noticed that she m ade a common mistake: She didn’t tell others that she had seriously considered their opinions before making her decisions, even though she had. I advised her to preface her explanations by saying explicitly that she had â€Å"given their input some serious thought. Six months later, she told me my advice had been priceless. She learned that it’s not enough for executives just to be fair, they also have to be seen as fair. Training is most effective when it’s delivered in several installments rather than all at once. For example, one suc- It’s not enough for executives just to be fair; they also have to be seen as fair. Toward Process Fairness Companies can take several steps to make fair process the norm. Address the knowledge gaps. Managers need to be warned about the negative emotions they might experience when practicing fair process.Merely acknowledging that it is legitimate to feel like ? eeing the scene can help managers withstand the impulse to do so. Studies have shown that people can tolerate negative experiences more easily when they expect them. Just as forewarned surgical patients have been found to experience less postoperative pain, forewarned managers may be bet128 not only signi? cantly less likely to steal or to resign from the organization, but they are also more likely to go the extra mile – aiding coworkers who have been absent, helping orient new employees, assisting supervisors with their duties, and working overtime.Several studies by Jerald Greenberg have even found that employees whose managers underwent process fairness training suffered signi? cantly less insomnia when coping with stressful work conditions. Daniel Skarlicki, of the University of British Columbia’s Sauder School of Business, and Gary Latham, of the University of Toronto’s Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, have identi? ed some factors of an effective process fairness training program. Participants respond better to active guidance than to a lecture on the bene? ts of improved process fairness.That’s why it’s particularly effective to give trainees speci? c instructions on what they need to do and how they need to do it, such as how to detect resistance to a new strategic initiative. After the participants have practiced these behaviors, give them feedback and let them try again. cessful program consisted of a two-hour session each week for eight weeks, along with assigned role-playing homework. That way, participants could receive feedback from instructors during the formal training sessions and from their peers in between meetings.As with most constructive feedback, referring to behaviors (â€Å"You never explained why you made this decision†) rather than to traits (â€Å"You came across as condescending†) proved to be most compelling. Both the process and the outcome of the training need to be communicated to participants – but not at the same time. Before the sessions begin, focus on the outcome. Participants are likely to be far more engaged if they are told that the program will help them gain their employees’ commitment to strategy implementation than if they are told it will help them communicate that they’ve seriously considered other people’s points of view.During the course, however, focus on process. Thinking about expected outcomes (improved strategy implementation, for instance) can distract people from learning the speci? c practical skills they need (such harvard business review as how to involve people in decision making) to achieve the desired results. Finally, it is important for trainees to maintain expectations that are both optimistic and realistic. Once again, the distinction between outcome and process is useful to keep in mind.You can generate optimism by focusing on the outcomes: Touting the improvements that previous trainees have made should help people feel positive about their own chanc es for growth. And you can inject realism by focusing on the process: Behavioral change is dif? cult and rarely takes a linear course. Trainees shouldn’t expect to get better at process fairness day by day; but, if they keep working at it, they will improve. I suggest trainees ask themselves three months after the program if they are practicing process fairness more on average than they were three months prior to it.Conducting after-action reviews also helps managers continue to hone their skills long after the training sessions are over. Make process fairness a top priority. Like most managerial behaviors, the practice of process fairness must begin at the top. When senior managers explain why they have made certain strategic decisions, make themselves available for honest two-way communication with the rank and ? le, involve employees in decision making, provide ample advance notice of change, and treat people’s concerns with respect, the practice of process fairness is likely to spread like wild? e throughout the rest of the organization. By modeling process fairness, senior management does more than communicate organizational values; it also sends a message about â€Å"the art of the possible. † People are more likely to try to tackle dif? cult challenges when they see others whom they respect doing so. In one company that was trying to implement a much-needed restructuring, senior executives effectively served as role models not only by describing the mixed feelings they had about practicing process fairness but also by articulating the process they went through that ultimately convinced them to do march 2006 o. The message they sent was that it was legitimate for operational managers to have mixed emotions, but, at the end of the day, the reasons in favor of practicing process fairness prevailed. In addition to acting as role models, senior managers may communicate the value they place on process fairness by making its practice a leg itimate topic of conversation throughout the organization. I worked with one company, for example, that selected its employee of the month based on process fairness skills as well as bottom-line results.Other organizations have made managers’ annual pay raises partly dependent on 360-degree feedback about how they plan and implement decisions, in which perceptions of process fairness ? gure prominently. Recent corporate scandals show that giving workforces outcome-only directives (â€Å"I don’t care how you get there, just get there†) can be disastrous. Forwardthinking organizations care not only about the outcomes their managers produce but also about the fairness of the process they use to achieve them. This is not a call for micromanagement.Just as there is usually more than one way to produce ? nancial results, there is more than one way to involve people in decision making, to communicate why certain actions are being undertaken, and to express thoughtfulne ss and concern. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ There is a moral imperative for companies to practice process fairness. It is, simply put, the right thing to do. As such, process fairness is the responsibility of all executives, at all levels, and in all functions; it cannot be delegated to HR. But with that moral responsibility comes business opportunity.An executive must minimize the costs of decisions that might threaten employees and maximize the bene? ts of decisions that may be sources of opportunity for them. In both instances, practicing process fairness will help get you there. The sooner you realize it, the better off you and your company will be. Reprint R0603H To order, see page 151. â€Å"A new, surprising, and authoritative take on an important aspect of modern society that most people just don’t know about. † Toby Lester, Deputy Managing Editor, The Atlantic Monthly Fred Reichheld is the godfather of customer loyalty. His new book, The Ultimate Question, continues to push the envelope with innovative, practical ideas. † John Donahoe, President, eBay Marketplace â€Å"Perceptive analysis brought to life by references to real people and real situations. † Kieran C. Poynter, Chairman, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLp AVAILABLE WHEREVER BOOKS ARE SOLD, INCLUDING: 5th Ave. & 46th St. , NYC Rockefeller Center 5th Ave. & 48th St. , NYC HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PRESS www. HBSPress. org

Qualities of a Good Parent

Parenting is defined as one who begets, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child; a father or mother (The free dictionary, 2013). The definition does not mean that one will make a good parent. Becoming a parent can be one of the most exciting times in ones life, or it can be a horrific experience. For most, it is a good experience that brings them happiness, joy and excitement. Others fear the unknown, do not like kids, or have a negative impression of parenting.Truthfully, parenting is all in what you make of it. Good parenting is categorized by many different factors. Some of these factors that categorize a good parent are self-sacrificing, teachable, curious, and diligence (Mallory, 2013). Self-sacrificing means that a parent will do anything they humanly can to protect and take care of their child. Teachable means that you are willing to learn various aspects of parenting. Curious means that you are intrigued at finding things out about how to be or become a better parent.D iligence means that you work hard to be the best parent that you can. According to the article, What Qualities Make a Good Parent, becoming a good parent is a high calling that every parent should strive to achieve (2013). If one is not a good parent, they can always work at being a better parent. If they work at being a better parent, their child will notice those changes and in return not have a negative connotation of parenting. With the good, there always come the bad. There are certain qualities that make an ineffective parent.According to the article, Four Traits Common to Bad Parents, there are so many pitfalls in parenting, and no parent wants to raise a brat, a beast, a shooter, or a Clinton, but some of us do in spite of that (2001). The four traits addressed about bad parents are: poor excuses, no consequences for their actions, expect everything given to them, and defensive/critical (McKinney, 2001). These traits shed some light on the pitfalls of parenting, but one must rise above this and do better.The obvious answer to being a good parent is to be a loving, caring individual, and one who strives for excellence for their child. Good parents should have a plan to teach their self-control, personal integrity and a sense of responsibility to themselves, their families and their fellow citizens, even when it hurts both them (McKinney, 2001). By setting parameters and goals as a parent you are more likely to have a positive experience and feel as if you are a â€Å"good parent. Good parenting takes a lot of commitment, participation and sacrifice, it also takes a lot of mistakes. With these mistakes come learning, and in return the quality of your parenting will increase. References Mallory, D. (December 2012). What Qualities Make a Good Parent? Retrieved March 12, 2013 from http://www. wahm. com/articles/what-qualities-make-a-good parent. html McKinney, S. (April 2011). Four Traits Common to Bad Parents Retrieved March 12, 2013 from http://www. ente rstageright. com/archive/articles/0401badparents. htm

PDA SIM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PDA SIM - Essay Example Determining a product’s lifecycle can enable a manager to make decisions of whether to invest more in a project or discontinue an operation. The three products HandHeld Corporation offers are X5, X6, and X7 devices. I noticed that the X7 product had weak sales. As a new CEO working for this business I seek out the advice of my top executives. Teamwork and cooperation are variables that improve the corporate culture and help firms achieve synergy. Synergy is achieved when the whole becomes more important than the sum of its parts (Schermerhorn & Osborn, Hunt, 2003, p.173). My top advisor indicated that the X7 product was in its growth stage. At that point I decided that discontinuing the product was not the right move because investing more in R&D could help increase the demand for the product. I noticed that the market saturation of the product in the first year was only 3%. The X7 product line had negative profitability. The company lost nearly $8.5 million on the X7 this year. The costs were higher than the revenues. I wanted to increase the price by 25% to offset the -17% profitability deficiency, but since the customer care about price I decided to go another direction. The problem with the product was the existence of a high fixed cost of $35 million. If I was able to sell more units then I would have more total profits to offset fixed cost. I lowered the price of the product by 10%. I allocated 50% of the R&D budget to the X7 because it had the lowest market saturation out of the three products. The X5 which was the most saturated product received 20% of the R&D budget and the X6 received the remaining 30%. I increased the price of the X6 hand device by $25 because the customer’s are not worried about price. I decreased the price of the X5 by $25 in order to increase its demand. My score after round 1 was completed was a score of 558,204,736. The 2006 profits were $347,929,621. I was able to turn the X7 into a profitable

Management communication 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management communication 2 - Assignment Example I was taken by shock and disappointment. I could not think of saying or doing anything. I just left. The person did not use the strategies mentioned in Chapter 15, which was why, the news was conveyed in such a bad manner. Ideally, the secretary should have told us to leave after interview so that the results would be emailed to us, rather than keep us waiting after the interview only to reject us with a sarcastic smile, which was just pointless! Ideally, I should have received a letter via email that would regret over the refusal of my proposal, and tell me that the alternate way is to apply three months later. Formatting of letter is also important. â€Å"The bad news should be placed in the middle of the letter, after the buffer† (benchmarkinstitute.org, n.d.). Sentences like â€Å"Im so sorry that happened† (Herndon, 2005) convey empathy to the reader. The letter should also have indicated the factor which made me lose points so that I would work upon that to improve it. â€Å"A good reason prepares the audience to expect the refusal† (p.

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci - Essay Example The mural painting, â€Å"The Last Supper,† is a breathtaking masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci depicting the figure of Jesus Christ sitting at the center of a long table, surrounded by his Apostles. It shows the last days of Jesus during which he was to reveal the betrayal of one of his Apostles The painting was commissioned by Duke Ludovico Sforza for the dining hall of Santa Maria delle Grazie, in Milan, Italy. Da Vinci worked on this painting for three years, from 1495-1498 and applied a new technique called tempera instead of using the expected fresco method (Ladwein 2006). Due to this, the painting has seen a lot of destruction over the years and has needed a lot of care and retouching to maintain some of its originality. Regardless of this, the painting is a beautiful work of genius, inspiring grandeur and awe through the centuries in anyone who looks upon it. The tempera technique was a new one, invented by Da Vinci, which he wanted to experiment with when creating â₠¬Å"The Last Supper.† He didn’t want to paint on wet plaster for that would have severely limited the amount of time which he could spend working on the painting. Da Vinci wanted to capture the smallest of details and colors and working with plaster would not have allowed him to achieve such excessive exquisiteness when painting (â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. The Last Supper†). He applied a combination of tempera, a mixture of egg yolk and vinegar, with oil painting and used dry plaster to be able to better control the types of colors he could use (Ladwein 2006). This also allowed Da Vinci to redo specific areas without worrying about the plaster drying. Although, this allowed him ample time to complete the mural, it didn’t however stand up to the test of time. For, only a few years after its completion, the mural started showing signs of ruin. For example, the humidity caused the plaster to peel off at many places and even the paint starting falling off. This d eterioration has led to many restoration incidents. As early as 1517 the painting was started to be described as being ruined (â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. The Last Supper†). The paint was horribly faded and the faces became unrecognizable. A curtain was even hung to protect the painting, but it only worked to absorb moisture and further destroy and scratch the painting. The first true attempt occurred in 1726, where Michelangelo Bellotti, tried to fill in the missing areas with oil paint and later varnished the entire mural for protection. This too did not last long because the materials used weren’t up to the important task and in 1770, Giuseppe Mazza, had to repaint the entire mural (â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. The Last Supper†). He wasn’t allowed to completely finish due to the growing controversy and resentment of the public, for, they felt that the artists were taking liberty with the work and recreating it however they pleased. However, time wasn’t the only enemy of this magnificent work of art. For example, at the end of the eighteenth century, French troops badly vandalized the painting, threw stones at it, and even tried to scratch the faces of the Apostles (â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. The Last Supper†). It was severely destroyed before an attempt was made to relocate it to a safe location. While moving it, the painting was again further damaged. Many parts had torn off and glue was futilely used to attach the pieces back together. Two more attempts were made to clean the parts which were still attached and stable. The twentieth century didn’t fare any better for the mural painting. For, it met with heavy bombing and vibrations during world war two. The painting was destroyed beyond recognition and a major restoration project took place during the late 1970’s in hopes of fixing all the past mistakes and improper attempts at repairing it (â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. The Last Supper†). The project laste d more than twenty years and great care was taken to stabilize the condition of the painting and

Anemic Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Anemic Disorder - Essay Example Anemia causes the person to feel exhausted, and if this persists, can lead to the brain and heart damage. A person or individual that is anemic have the following composites; hemoglobin of about9.7percentage, 31%hematocrit, 4ferritin and iron saturation of about 5%. (Frank 2010, p.235) Outlook Red blood cells have a shape of a disc, and they resemble like doughnuts but eventually they do not have a hole at the centre (Rosdahl, & Kowalski, 2009, p.124). Fortunately, they remove carbon dioxide and carry oxygen within the body tissue. It is important to note that the bone marrow also makes white blood cells and platelets. However, the white blood cells offer defense mechanism against any infection in the body. A cause of anemia is either lack of adequate red blood cell production, blood loss, or destruction of red blood cells at an alarming rate. Some anemia deficiency is mild, easy to treat and have a short-term effect. (Karthryn, 2009, p.407). Furthermore, prevention of the ones that is short-term easily under the health diet of an individual while other types need a healthy diet to treat. However, long lasting anemia can be severe and worst in that it threatens life if left unchecked. Hereditary Furthermore, genetically the above disorder can move from mother to child that it obey the heretical ability; hence, these disorders shorten one's life span. In addition, it can emerge because of impairing to the hemoglobin production.( Kowalski 2009,p.432). Effects of giving birth while anemic In Molly’s situation, she still gives birth as much as she is anemic, and this causes her some difficulties as in the discussion below. (Riccio 2008, p.234).An anemic mother who gives birth will tend to cause certain changes in the hormonal level. Therefore, this leads to a drop in hormonal level upon the removal of placenta. In conjunction, the placenta plays a pivotal role in the production of hormone in the body. The reaction of the mother after birth will influence how she copes up in hormonal level in the body. The recurring factor is that of mood of the mother, and this will determine the capability for her to retain either some kind hormone or loss the most. Some hormones increase the mother's appetite thus enhancing the anemic control. (Meletis 2009, p.143). If Molly undergoes healthy eating schedule, then this will be a potent method to her quick healing. Stress (Chow 2011, p.324).In molly’s situation, she might face stress in many ways. First, she needs to be a mother again. Secondly, the condition of her first born who is not that stable in the academic work is wanting. Thirdly, her husband wants to go back to work, and lastly the reaction of her parents does not favor her at times. It is advisable for her to show her feeling to the parents instead of bottling them.( Goldman 2009, p .124). She should be assertive whilst exercising proper time management. Furthermore, the best thing to put in consideration is having a positive focus. This entails taking the time to appreciate and reflect in the entire life, this is to put into consideration the gifts and positive qualities one posses. The simple strategy as it is can help one to manage and put things in perspective. Anemia in children Children are the most group that face the bigger challenge of the being in anemia condition (Goldman, 2009, p.104). As per the above story, it is notable that the above article states the difficulty